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  3. European Shag

One of the 13 cormorants on WAnimals

European Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis)

Birds · Suliformes · Phalacrocoracidae

European Shag

Phalacrocorax aristotelis

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

Unlike other seabirds, its plumage is not fully waterproof, which forces it back to land every day to dry its outstretched wings in the sun after each fishing trip.

Weight

1.6 kg – 2 kg

Size

65 cm – 80 cm

Life expectancy

14 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Colony

Lives in large concentrations, often for breeding reasons.

Ocean
39countries5parks2dive sites12same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • Its plumage is not fully waterproof, so it has to dry its wings in the sun after fishing.
  • It takes bottom-dwelling fish by diving actively, propelled by its feet.
  • It grows a black crest on its head only during the breeding season.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - pneumatised bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Rocky coasts of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, generally in deeper water further offshore than other cormorants
Birth weight
Exact weight at hatching not found as a precise figure
Size at birth
Naked on hatching, growing brown down soon afterwards
Sexual maturity
2-4 years
Gestation / incubation
30-35 days
Litter / clutch size
1 to 6 eggs per clutch (most commonly 3)

Sources consulted: AnAge (genomics.senescence.info) · Animal Diversity Web · Oiseaux-birds.com · SeaLifeBase · PMC (trophic mismatch study, genome sequence study) · Animal Diversity Web (imperial shag comparativo)

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with European Shag — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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Related guides

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about european shag.

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Cinque TerreItaly
Port-CrosFrance
Cabrera ArchipelagoSpain
Cíes IslandsSpain
KosterhavetSweden
Berlengas IslandsPortugal
Cíes IslandsSpain
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Where to see European Shag7 places
CountriesSpain
ParksCinque TerreItaly
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Diurnal
Colonial
Bird
Ocean

Europe28

Asia6

Africa5

Spain
France
Italy
Portugal
Sweden
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Iceland
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Monaco
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