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  3. Fire Salamander

One of the 14 salamanders on WAnimals

Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra)

Amphibians · Caudata · Salamandridae

Fire Salamander

Salamandra salamandra

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

Unlike most amphibians it is ovoviviparous or viviparous depending on the subspecies: it holds the eggs internally and gives birth to fully formed larvae.

Weight

16 g – 56 g

Size

14 cm – 30 cm

Life expectancy

22 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Temperate forest
45countries18parks13same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • Unlike most amphibians, it holds its eggs internally and gives birth to fully formed larvae.
  • Its black and yellow pattern is a warning about the toxins it secretes through its skin.
  • It can live for over 50 years in captivity, an exceptional record for an amphibian.
  • defensaIt secretes skin toxins that deter most predators; in antiquity it was wrongly believed to survive fire.
  • reproducciónIn some Iberian populations the females are viviparous, giving birth to fully formed young rather than laying eggs.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (amphibian)
Habitat and environment
Damp shaded woodland close to streams or ponds across central and southern Europe, extending into North Africa and the Near East
Birth weight
Born as an aquatic larva after a live birth (the female retains the eggs internally)
Size at birth
Born as an aquatic larva
Sexual maturity
2-4 years
Litter / clutch size
10 to 30 live larvae per birth
Life expectancy in captivity
Documented record of over 50 years in a specimen at the Koenig Museum in Germany

Sources consulted: Amphibienschutz · Animal Diversity Web · Inside Ecology · Animalia.bio · AnAge (genomics.senescence.info) · PMC (environmental drivers demography study) · Britannica

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 18.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Fire Salamander — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Related guides

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about fire salamander.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the fire salamander.
See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Sierra de las NievesSpain
CévennesFrance
PlitviceCroatia
RetezatRomania
TatraPoland
Tara National ParkSerbia
Carpathian Biosphere ReserveUkraine
Bavarian Forest (Bayerischer Wald)Germany
Šumava (Bohemian Forest)Czechia
KarkonoszePoland
See all 18 parks
Least Concern

Palmate Newt

Lissotriton helveticus

Least Concern

Smooth Newt

Lissotriton vulgaris

Bosca's NewtLeast Concern

Bosca's Newt

Lissotriton boscai

Great Crested NewtLeast Concern

Great Crested Newt

Triturus cristatus

Least Concern

Marbled Newt

Triturus marmoratus

Least Concern

Sharp-ribbed Salamander

Pleurodeles waltl

Where to see Fire Salamander18 places
CountriesGermany
ParksSierra de las NievesSpain
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Nocturnal
Solitary
Amphibian
Temperate forest

Europe40

Asia5

Germany
Poland
France
Spain
Croatia
Czechia
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Kosovo
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Moldova
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Russia
Türkiye