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  1. Home
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  3. Golden Sandfish

One of the 4 sea cucumbers on WAnimals

Sea cucumbers · Holothuriida · Holothuriidae

Golden Sandfish

Holothuria scabra

Endangered

At very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future.

Spotted something wrong?

It is one of the most commercially important sea cucumbers in Asia, and overfishing has driven aquaculture and restocking programmes in several Pacific and Indian Ocean countries.

Weight

300 g – 1.5 kg

Size

up to 40 cm

Life expectancy

10 years

Diet

Omnivore

Combines animal and plant food depending on availability.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Ocean
59countries35parks234dive sites2same family

Fun facts

  • A single spawning in captivity can produce several million eggs, though only a tiny fraction survive to the juvenile stage.
  • It eats decaying organic matter and micro-organisms sifted from the sediment.
  • It lives on sandy bottoms and shallow seagrass beds of the tropical Indo-Pacific.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Invertebrate - internal skeleton of microscopic calcareous ossicles
Habitat and environment
Sandy bottoms and shallow seagrass beds of the tropical Indo-Pacific
Birth weight
A microscopic larva after external fertilisation
Size at birth
Microscopic larva after fertilisation
Sexual maturity
Varies by study: from 42 g gutted weight upwards; the species matures early
Gestation / incubation
External spawning: the planktonic larva settles on the bottom after 2-3 weeks
Litter / clutch size
Millions of eggs per clutch in mass spawnings (over 1.3 million recorded in a single spawning in captivity)

Sources consulted: IOPscience (early maturity study) · ResearchGate (reproduction larval rearing study) · Springer (Solomon Islands reproduction study) · SeaLifeBase · Animalia.bio · ScienceDirect (Holothuria fuscogilva growth study)

Where to find it

Best time: All year round on sandy bottoms and seagrass beds of the Indo-Pacific, at night; by day it stays buried in the sand.

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 20 of 269.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Golden Sandfish — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

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How to help

The golden sandfish is classified as endangered. Organisations such as the IUCN, WWF and the Wildlife Conservation Society work specifically on its conservation and that of its habitat; looking into their programmes is a good starting point if you want to get involved.

It's documented in 13 protected areas — one reason why protecting these places matters for its conservation.

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about golden sandfish.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the golden sandfish.
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This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks and dive sites where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
KomodoIndonesia
AldabraSeychelles
YakushimaJapan
Ras MohammedEgypt
Great Barrier ReefAustralia
NingalooAustralia
Rock Islands of PalauPalau
East RennellSolomon Islands
FakaravaFrench Polynesia
Mohéli Marine National ParkComoros
Blue Hole DahabEgypt
Ras Mohammed National ParkEgypt
Thistlegorm wreckEgypt
Elphinstone ReefEgypt
Brothers Islands (El Akhawein)Egypt
Sha'ab Rumi (Cousteau)Sudan
Eilat Coral ReserveIsrael
Aqaba Marine ParkJordan
Musandam PeninsulaOman
Daymaniyat IslandsOman
See all 35 parks
See all 234 dive sites
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CountriesIndonesia
ParksKomodoIndonesia
TagsOmnivore
Omnivore
Nocturnal
Solitary
Endangered
Ocean
Echinoderm

Asia24

Oceania20

Africa15

Indonesia
Egypt
Philippines
Australia
Thailand
Fiji
Bangladesh
Brunei
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Malaysia
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Pakistan
Philippines
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Singapore
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Taiwan
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United Arab Emirates
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American Samoa
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Guam
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Nauru
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Niue
Northern Mariana Islands
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Eritrea
Kenya
Madagascar
Mauritius
Mayotte
Mozambique
Réunion
Seychelles
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania