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  3. Water Rail

One of the 2 rails on WAnimals

Birds · Gruiformes · Rallidae

Water Rail

Rallus aquaticus

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

Its body is flattened side to side, an adaptation that lets it slip between the dense vertical stems of a reedbed, and the origin of the English expression "thin as a rail".

Weight

92 g – 164 g

Size

23 cm – 28 cm

Life expectancy

6 years

Diet

Omnivore

Combines animal and plant food depending on availability.

Activity

Crepuscular

Active mainly at dawn and dusk.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Freshwater
45countries135parks9same family

Fun facts

  • Its laterally flattened body lets it slip through dense reedbeds.
  • It is heard far more often than seen, giving itself away with a high squealing call known as "sharming".
  • Its chicks feed themselves from as early as 5 days old.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - pneumatised bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Dense reedbeds and well-vegetated wetlands of Europe, Asia and North Africa
Birth weight
Exact weight at hatching not found as a precise figure
Size at birth
Precocial, covered in black down with a whitish bill, able to feed itself at 5 days
Sexual maturity
1 year
Gestation / incubation
19-22 days
Litter / clutch size
6 to 11 eggs per clutch

Sources consulted: AnAge (genomics.senescence.info) · Animalia.bio · Wikipedia (Water rail) · My Bird Buddy · BTO · Oiseaux-birds.com · Bird Spot · Birds of the World

Where to find it

Best time: All year round in dense reedbeds and rush beds; it is almost always detected by ear, from squeals reminiscent of a pig's.

Loading map…

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 135.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Water Rail — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Shares a park
Shares a park

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about water rail.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the water rail.
See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Doñana National ParkSpain
Lake DistrictUnited Kingdom
CairngormsUnited Kingdom
Snowdonia (Eryri)United Kingdom
KillarneyIreland
TriglavSlovenia
PlitviceCroatia
DurmitorMontenegro
ValbonaAlbania
RetezatRomania
See all 135 parks
Red-knobbed CootLeast Concern

Red-knobbed Coot

Fulica cristata

Eurasian CootLeast Concern

Eurasian Coot

Fulica atra

Purple SwamphenLeast Concern

Purple Swamphen

Porphyrio porphyrio

Least Concern

Common Moorhen

Gallinula chloropus

Least Concern

Ruddy Duck

Oxyura jamaicensis

Least Concern

Common Snipe

Gallinago gallinago

CountriesPoland
ParksDoñana National ParkSpain
TagsOmnivore
Omnivore
Crepuscular
Solitary
Bird
Freshwater
PolandUnited KingdomHungaryRomaniaBulgariaCroatia

Europe40

AlbaniaAndorraAustriaBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyKosovoLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMoldovaMontenegroNetherlandsNorth MacedoniaNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUkraineUnited Kingdom

Asia5

ArmeniaAzerbaijanGeorgiaRussiaTürkiye