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  1. Home
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  3. Arctic Tern

One of the 6 terns on WAnimals

Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea)

Birds · Charadriiformes · Laridae

Arctic Tern

Sterna paradisaea

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

It makes the longest annual migration known in any animal, travelling pole to pole and so living through two summers a year.

Weight

95 g – 120 g

Size

33 cm – 43 cm

Life expectancy

15 years

Diet

Piscivore

Feeds mainly on fish.

Activity

Diurnal

Active mainly during the day.

Social structure

Colony

Lives in large concentrations, often for breeding reasons.

TundraPolar
49countries4parks19same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • GPS tracking studies have shown it can cover up to 90,000 km a year by following favourable wind patterns.
  • It eats small fish such as herring and capelin, and crustaceans such as krill.
  • It lives on open tundra, boreal forest and rocky coasts of the circumpolar Arctic.
  • récordIt makes the longest known migration of any animal: some 90,000 km a year between the Arctic and Antarctica and back.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - pneumatised bony skeleton (bird)
Habitat and environment
Open tundra, boreal forest and rocky coasts of the circumpolar Arctic; makes the longest known migration, between the Arctic and Antarctica
Birth weight
~13.1 grams at hatching
Size at birth
Covered in down at hatching
Sexual maturity
3-4 years
Gestation / incubation
21-24 days
Litter / clutch size
1 to 3 eggs per clutch (most commonly 2)

Sources consulted: American Oceans · AnAge (genomics.senescence.info) · Arctic Portal · Cool Antarctica · NHPBS NatureWorks · Animalia.bio · Animal Diversity Web · Mass.gov · bioRxiv (natal philopatry study)

Where to find it

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Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Arctic Tern — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about arctic tern.

Share an experience, a fun fact or a tip for seeing the arctic tern.
See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
VatnajökullIceland
KatmaiUnited States
NorthumberlandUnited Kingdom
Sable IslandCanada
Lesser Black-backed GullLeast Concern

Lesser Black-backed Gull

Larus fuscus

Least Concern

Great Black-backed Gull

Larus marinus

Least Concern

Black-headed Gull

Chroicocephalus ridibundus

Least Concern

Sandwich Tern

Thalasseus sandvicensis

Herring GullLeast Concern

Herring Gull

Larus argentatus

Little TernLeast Concern

Little Tern

Sternula albifrons

CountriesCanada
ParksVatnajökullIceland
TagsPiscivore
Piscivore
Diurnal
Colonial
Bird
Tundra
Polar

Europe17

Africa14

South America9

Antarctica3

North America3

Oceania2

Asia1

Canada
Iceland
United Kingdom
United States
Angola
Antarctica
Belgium
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Iceland
Ireland
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Angola
Cabo Verde
Gabon
Ghana
Kenya
Madagascar
Mauritania
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Tanzania
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Falkland Islands
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Antarctica
French Southern Territories
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Canada
Greenland
United States
Australia
New Zealand
Russia