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  3. Polecat
Polecat (Mustela putorius)

Mammals · Carnivora · Mustelidae

Polecat

Mustela putorius

Least Concern

The species is abundant and widely distributed; it faces no significant short-term risk.

Spotted something wrong?

It is the direct wild ancestor of the domestic ferret, domesticated more than 2,000 years ago for rabbiting and pest control.

Weight

635 g – 1.5 kg

Size

27.9 cm – 47.7 cm

Life expectancy

5 years

Diet

Carnivore

Feeds mainly on other animals.

Activity

Nocturnal

Active mainly at night.

Social structure

Solitary

Lives and hunts alone, joining others only to breed.

Sighting difficulty

Easy

Temperate forestFreshwater
48countries135parks28same family

AI-generated images: illustrations, not photographs.

Fun facts

  • It is markedly sexually dimorphic: males can weigh twice as much as females.
  • It eats European rabbits where it can get them, supplemented with small rodents, amphibians and birds.
  • It lives in wetlands, woodland edges and scrubby grassland across much of western Europe.
  • defensaIt can release a strong-smelling secretion from its anal glands in defence, much as other mustelids do, though not as powerfully as a skunk.

Life cycle and biology

Skeleton type
Vertebrate - internal bony skeleton (mammal)
Habitat and environment
Wetlands, woodland edges and scrubby grassland across much of western Europe and North Africa
Birth weight
~9.5 grams at birth
Size at birth
Tiny at birth
Sexual maturity
~1 year
Gestation / incubation
40-43 days
Litter / clutch size
3 to 7 young per litter
Life expectancy in captivity
Documented record of up to 11-14 years in captivity

Sources consulted: Animal Diversity Web; A-Z Animals; AnAge (genomics.senescence.info); Animalia.bio; Genuine Mustelids; First Nature; Animal Spot; PMC (ferret polecat introgression study)

Where to find it

Best time: All year round, mostly at night; it is easiest to detect in spring and summer near riverbanks, ruins and hedgerows, where it hunts amphibians and rabbits.

Loading map…

Where to see it

Parks and dive sites where this species has been documented — showing 10 of 135.

Related species

Other species in the catalogue with the most in common with Polecat — same habitat, park, country, tags or family.

Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family
Same taxonomic family

Keep exploring

Based on what we already know about polecat.

Comments

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See full glossary
This page in other languages: Español · Deutsch · Français · Português · Italiano

The pins mark the parks where its presence is documented.

See its range on the interactive map→
Picos de EuropaSpain
Ordesa y Monte PerdidoSpain
Aiguestortes i Estany de Sant MauriciSpain
Peneda-GeresPortugal
Mount OlympusGreece
PlitviceCroatia
DurmitorMontenegro
RetezatRomania
BiałowieżaPoland
Danube DeltaRomania
See all 135 parks
Pine MartenLeast Concern

Pine Marten

Martes martes

Least Concern

Beech Marten

Martes foina

Least Concern

Least Weasel

Mustela nivalis

American MinkLeast Concern

American Mink

Neovison vison

StoatNot Evaluated

Stoat

Mustela erminea

European MinkCritically Endangered

European Mink

Mustela lutreola

CountriesPoland
ParksPicos de EuropaSpain
TagsCarnivore
Carnivore
Nocturnal
Solitary
Temperate forest
Freshwater
Mammal
PolandSpainRomaniaGermanySlovakiaBulgaria

Europe40

AlbaniaAndorraAustriaBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCzechiaDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyKosovoLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMoldovaMontenegroNetherlandsNorth MacedoniaNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUkraineUnited Kingdom

Asia8

ArmeniaAzerbaijanGeorgiaMongoliaNorth KoreaRussiaTürkiyeUzbekistan